The new shuttle is launched in the air from a C-5 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, followed by the use of its onboard NERVA to reach orbit or the Moon. Prior to 1983, NASA had already begun to develop a next generation of the Space Shuttle called "Pathfinder shuttles", equipped with the new Nuclear Engine for Rocket Vehicle Application (NERVA), the engine that was planned to also be used to bring astronauts to Mars at a later date. In the same year NASA introduced its shuttle, the US Air Force (USAF) begun to operate its own fleet of Space Shuttles, seemingly identical to the NASA shuttles save for an alternate paint job. īy 1983, NASA run a fleet of 10 shuttles: The first shuttle was named Enterprise, in honor of the fictional starship from the TV-series Star Trek W. The Space Shuttle was developed during the late 70s and first put into operation in fall 1981. It is the only major component of the Space Shuttle system that is not reused. The external tank is designed to break upon reenty and travel along a ballistic trajectory into the ocean. 2 minutes after launch and then recovered by supporting ships after falling into the ocean on parachutes, are reusable for most parts. After touch-down, the vehicle brakes by deploying a drag chute and then also uses wheel brakes after reaching a given velocity.īeside the spacecraft itself, the empty SRB's, which are jettisoned approx. After their mission, they reenter Earth's atmosphere protected by it's heat shields and then glide as a spaceplane to a runway landing. Space Shuttles launch from ground with two solid rocket boosters (SRB) and an external tank attached, or, in the case of the 2nd generation shuttles, through an air-launch system from a carrier aircraft. In 1983, a bigger second generation shuttle was introduced, using a nuclear powered propulsion system. The shuttles are assembled and serviced at the US Air Force Plant 42 in Palmdale, CA. The Space Shuttles engines, as well as its SRB's, were developed at the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, AL. Shuttles are used both for civil and military operations. They are used for all kind of orbital operations around the Earth to place, repair and maintain satellites and space stations, as well as for flights to the Moon for supply missions and crew rotations of the lunar base Jamestown. Space Shuttles have replaced the aging Apollo program in the early 80s.
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MicroShift TS71-7 -R under bar thumb shifter, 7-speedĬST BFT 20" x 4. Rear: Integrated, 55 lb (25kg) carrying capacity Semi-integrated, 1-1/8" straight steerer tubeĬomposite platform, CrMo axle with reflectors, standard 9/16" x 20 TPI threadingįront: Optional, 30 lb (14kg) carrying capacity Rad custom steel 135 mm hub width, 9 mm quick releaseĮrgonomically designed, made of soft yet durable rubber Rad Power Bikes approved aluminum alloy levers with motor cutoff switch.Ĥ8T, 170 mm forged alloy, dual-sided chainring guardįull coverage front and rear fenders with hardware included Rest assured, our engineers rigorously test each component to guarantee quality and compatibility. To ensure uninterrupted shipping, some parts may differ from those listed. Water resistant connectors and wiring harness Low-Profile Cadence Sensing Pedal Assist, Half-Grip Twist Throttle Rear: Integrated taillight with brake light indicator functionality Actual power-to-ground wattage is under 750W to ensure ebike regulatory compliance and may vary depending on riding conditions.įront: Rad Power Bikes branded standard LED Stated wattage is the manufacturer’s rated power capacity. Rad Power Bikes custom LED display with Charge indicator, pedal assist level / error display, headlight/taillight indicator and moreħ50W brushless geared hub motor, 5:1 planetary gear reduction. If you’re going it alone, carefully hold the book in place and measure from the ground to the top of the book spine.Ĥ8V, 2 Amp Rad Power Bikes smart charger, operates on 100V-240V AC power outlets If you have a buddy helping you, get them to measure from the floor to the top of the book spine while you hold the book in place. This may be a bit awkward, but is way more comfortable - and safer! - than trying to ride a bike that is too big. Slide the book upwards towards your groin until it is solidly against your body. Cycling Rack - Space Saver Holder, Hook for Bicycles. Place a hardcover book against the wall with the spine of the book facing upward. Delta Cycle 2 Bike Rack Garage Storage - Gravity Wall Bike Stand, No Drilling Required - Fully Adjustable Garage Bike Rack for Road, MTB, and Hybrid Bicycles - Vertical Bike Stand Holds Up to 80 lbs. Wearing your regular riding shoes and with your back to the wall, stand with your feet spread so there is about 7 inches between them - this is about the distance apart your feet would be when straddling a bike with your feet on You’ll use this number on the chart to get a feel for how the different models will fit you. This will typically be an inch or two longer than the length of your trousers, but you’ll want to measure to be sure. Your “bike inseam” - or inside leg length - is the distance between your body where it sits on your bike saddle and the ground. This period was known as the Grand Siècle, or "great century", in reference to Louis XIV's 1661 accession to the French throne. The estate was founded in the late 17th Century. The fee for this tasting which includes Dinner is $575 + tax per person, for reservations call 95 or e-mail Please let us know when you make your reservations if you have any food allergies or special dietary needs and chefs Toni and Dani will be happy to accommodate you.Ī bit about Chateau Pichon-Longueville au Baron de Pichon-Longueville: Sliced NY Sirloin with Truffle Steak FriesĬannels De Bordeaux with Pineapple Rum Sauce Taglialini Pasta with Duck Foie Gras Sausage, Sundried Tomatoes, Pine Nuts and Goat Cheese Roasted Beet and Goat Cheese Salad with Balsamic Drizzle The fee for this tasting which includes dinner is $575 + tax, for reservations call 95 or e-mail Pichon-Longueville au Baron de Pichon-Longuevilleġ959 Chateau Pichon-Longueville au Baron de Pichon-Longueville Pauillac, Franceġ961 Chateau Pichon-Longueville au Baron de Pichon-Longueville Pauillac, Franceġ982 Chateau Pichon-Longueville au Baron de Pichon-Longueville Pauillac, France Magnumġ986 Chateau Pichon-Longueville au Baron de Pichon-Longueville Pauillac, Franceġ989 Chateau Pichon-Longueville au Baron de Pichon-Longueville Pauillac, Franceġ990 Chateau Pichon-Longueville au Baron de Pichon-Longueville Pauillac, Franceġ995 Chateau Pichon-Longueville au Baron de Pichon-Longueville Pauillac, FranceĢ000 Chateau Pichon-Longueville au Baron de Pichon-Longueville Pauillac, FranceĢ014 Chateau Pichon-Longueville au Baron de Pichon-Longueville Pauillac, FranceĢ017 Chateau Pichon-Longueville au Baron de Pichon-Longueville Pauillac, France These two oldies are worth the price of admission alone but we will also have 1982 out of Magnum, 1986, 1989, 1990 and more! We have a collection of similar vintages along with two of my favorite old vintages 19. So, I thought it would be prudent to taste the chateau across the street with a similar name Chateau Pichon-Longueville au Baron de Pichon-Longueville. We had a tasting on the Calendar for Chateau Pichon Lalande Comtesse de Lalande but had to reschedule that event which will take place in the month of May. We have done a lot of scientific work with Bordeaux this year and our course in vintage Pauillac continues with the other Pichon. I am more a fan of middle aged in terms of wines but we like to experiment at Wine Watch to see when the optimum time is to enjoy certain wines. Oliver Goldsmith, The Vicar of Wakefield Perhaps more than any other Château in Bordeaux, Pichon-Lalande has benefited from what can only be called a distinctively feminine touch.“I love everything that is old old friends, old times, old manners, old books, old wines. A true champion of Bordeaux, May-Eliane traveled the world to promote her château and oversaw its expansion by nearly 50%. Before long, the château came under the direction of yet another formidable female, Eduoard’s daughter May-Eliane de Lencquesaing. In 1925, Pichon-Lalande was purchased by brothers Louis and Eduoard Miailhe, who were responsible for the estate’s increase in Merlot. The remaining two fifths eventually became the equally well-known Pichon Longueville-Baron. This decision broke up the estate and ushered in the ascendance of his daughter, Virginie de Lalande, who eagerly managed the women’s portion with passion and pride, and chose to give it her name. Initially influenced by its founder’s daughters - Therese de Rauzan, Germaine de Lajus and Marie Branda de Terrefort – it was inherited by Therese’s son, Baron Joseph de Pichon Longueville, who, before his death in 1850, bequeathed the land among his five children equally, with two fifths going to his two sons, and the other three fifths to his three daughters. Supple and fruity, it presents a unique balance of softness and richness that has secured its place among Pauillac’s best.įounded by successful Bordeaux trader Pierre de Mazure de Rauzan, Pichon-Lalande has long been considered an estate blessed by strong women. This may be attributed to the wine’s high percentage of its beloved Merlot. With a reputation that rivals the commune’s three most famous first growths – Latour, Lafite-Rothschild and Mouton-Rothschild – Pichon-Lalande carries a depth and elegance that that allows it to be enjoyed young, but perhaps even more savored decades after harvest. Dating back to the 17th century, the wines hailing from Château Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande, or Pichon-Lalande, are still among of Pauillac’s most sought-after. A front-mounted USB port is included, for charging your mobile devices and for backing up files stored on the Sonore’s internal drive. Heatsinks run the length of the sides, obviating the need of a cooling fan and resulting in absolutely silent operation. Now available, however, is Simple Design’s Signature Series ultra-low-noise power-supply upgrade, which starts at $649 and can be bought for any Sonore unit already in the field. My review sample included an external power supply slightly larger than a typical laptop’s. The Sonore’s case is CNC-machined from aluminum. (The size of hard drive can be specified at time of order.) Yes, the Sonore doesn’t need an external hard drive for data storage - something you should factor in when comparing it with a laptop, which won’t have as much storage capacity. My review sample included an SATA power-line noise filter from SOtM Audio, for the rejection of radio-frequency interference (RFI) and “ripple reduction.” It also had an internal 2TB hard drive for music storage. It will also rip your DVDs to the MKV format. It's also interesting to note that the hard drive assembly is mass loaded and floats between the top and bottom cover, separated by special rubber isolation tabs. (They did this with me to check my setup all was fine.) The Sonore can automatically rip and tag your CDs, the latter with cover-art finder (which is why it needs access to the Internet), via its front-loading slot drive. The folks from Simple Design can also remotely log in to your network to ensure that all your settings are correct, or even help with installation if you run into snags. The Sonore connects to a home network via an Ethernet cable in a process that’s a snap, assuming you have any experience at all with routers. You can also use a Web-enabled interface that uses Logitech Squeezebox Server, which is what I used with my Apple MacBook laptop. Control of music playback in your system comes via a free subscription app that you can use with Android devices and iPod Touches, iPhones, and iPads. The Sonore is compatible with almost all formats of music file you might put through it, including AIFF, WAV, FLAC, ALAC, and MP3, but is not compatible with formats encoded with Digital Rights Management (DRM). There are a number of output options: via USB digital using an internal SOtM tX-USB soundcard, like my review sample ($1899 USD with Cardas USB cable) i2S via HDMI ($1999 with Cardas HDMI cable) AES/EBU digital via an internal Lynx AES16 soundcard ($2399 with Cardas AES/EBU cable) or analog via an internal Lynx L22 soundcard ($2439 with Cardas analog cables). (Sonore is based in Miami Lakes, Florida, and was founded by Jesus Rodriguez, who manages it with his business partner, Adrian Lebena.)Ī Sonore can be built in several different ways, configurable at time of order. In that sense, the Sonore is a hi-fi component like any other, and belongs on the rack between your preamp and DAC. It’s a computer whose sole purpose is to feed a high-end digital-to-analog converter a perfect digital signal. It can’t handle your word-processing duties or surf the Internet, and it won’t sit in your lap on that long airplane ride (unless you’re carrying it to your vacation home). The Sonore music server from Simple Design is built for just that purpose. Today’s top-performing music server should be dedicated to the one task it’s designed to do: feed the DAC while protecting the integrity of the signal. One engineering creed about a music server designed for audiophiles is that it should be a stripped-down version of the do-everything computers we’re used to using. And where a need is perceived, someone will be ready to fill it, which is why standalone music-servers from various companies are popping up like weeds in fertile ground. It’s the audiophile way: The quest for better sound required a rethinking of the computer as music server, and a number of companies have taken up the challenge.Īn ever-increasing proportion of audiophiles now seem to be fully committed to music servers as high-end sources. There wasn’t much else you could do to improve that setup, except maybe a few tweaks to make the computer run its best: RAM upgrades, better USB cables, and so on.īut computer audio continued to evolve: Enter the standalone music server, built not for the masses - that is, not for convenience and for simultaneously performing a multitude of tasks - but for the hardcore audiophile for whom high sound quality is paramount. Only a few years ago, the conventional audiophile wisdom was that the best sound from computer audio could be had for the price of a Mac computer and downloaded aftermarket music-player software from the likes of Amarra or Decibel. That’s why a ristretto, lungo, and regular espresso shots are usually made with the same grind size and dose. Nevertheless, in a busy coffee shop, it’s not possible to constantly make grind adjustments in between shots. Grinding finer when making a ristretto is necessary to keep the brew time long enough and extract all the desirable flavors. Therefore your drink’s weight carries a lot more information about the extraction, and it’s a much more reliable ratio measurement.Ĭompared to an espresso and a lungo, a ristretto shot is often made with more finely ground coffee, and it has a very intense flavor and heavy mouthfeel. In other words – crema may take up a significant portion of the drink’s volume. This means that the volume of a ristretto shot made with a dose of 16 grams may vary from 16 ml. The fresher the beans, the more the crema. The amount of crema varies depending on how recently the coffee beans have been roasted. This is because of the crema – CO 2 gases, trapped in small bubbles that sit on top of the drink. The volume of your espresso, ristretto, or lungo may vary from one shot to another, even if they’re all made with the same amount of ground coffee and water. This means that if a dry coffee dose is 16 grams, you get an espresso shot of 32 to 40 grams.Īuthor’s Note: In the world of espresso drinks, when we talk about brew ratio, we always discuss it in terms of weight, not volume. More often than not, an espresso shot is made with a 1:2 to 1:2.5 ratio. Therefore the espresso, ristretto, and lungo differ not only by volume and weight, but also by strength, texture, and caffeine content. The more hot water that’s in contact with the coffee grounds – the higher the extraction of coffee solubles. Water is actually the solvent that dissolves the caffeine, coffee oils, flavors, and aromas. Here’s a ratio and yield comparison between espresso, ristretto and lungo, prepared with a dry coffee dose of 14 grams (0.5 oz.):Ĭoffee-to-water Ratio (determines how much pressurized water passes through the coffee bed) Nevertheless, the lungo has a lighter body and it’s the weakest in terms of flavor compared to a ristretto and an espresso. lungo differences:Ĭompared to an espresso and a lungo, a ristretto is the most concentrated and has the most intense flavor, because it’s made with the least water.Ī lungo is the largest in terms of volume and weight and contains the highest amount of caffeine. So here’s an overview of the ristretto vs. What sets these drinks apart is their coffee-to-water ratio, or in other words – the amount of pressurized water that runs through a fixed amount of coffee. The pressure creates a layer of crema that lays nicely on top of these beverages. The espresso, ristretto, and lungo shots are all made by running high-pressure water through a puck of finely ground and tamped coffee. What are the Differences between Ristretto, Espresso and Lungo? I’m about to give you all the answers, so let’s dig in! Nespresso pods: ristretto, lungo and espresso compared. He also promises a potential network of 1,000 service centers with techs trained to provide maintenance and repairs to all kinds of electric vehicles nationwide. He needs to show the industry, show customers, show the world, that he can do it.”įisker’s new business plan will include the company selling SUVs online, augmented by experience stores in cities across the country-mirroring Polestar’s playbook, which itself is based off Tesla’s. “At least with Elon, sometimes the timelines are a little bit hazy, but he has always pretty much delivered pretty soon after,” Urquhart said. Many startups are not profitable in their first year-or ever. Tesla took years to become even briefly profitable. It requires hundreds of millions of dollars for an original equipment manufacturer to develop, produce and scale any new road-worthy and -legal vehicle in the U.S., not to mention near billions to do it as a startup. What’s more, if Fisker’s promise that the new business will be profitable in its first year comes to fruition, with “double-digit growth built into the business model,” it would propel the company to unheard-of success relative to any start-up today. But Tynan compares the latest endeavor to Fisker “taking off his tracksuit while all the other volume players are already running the race.” Kevin Tynan, the senior autos analyst for Bloomberg Intelligence, characterizes Fisker as a man who’s had great success and some near misses in the auto industry. “We felt now was a good time to announce this, now that Tesla showed their cards,” Fisker said. And Tesla has one now, the $82,000 Model X, and one in the hopper-the just-announced Model Y, which happens to start at $39,000. BMW and Mercedes-Benz will offer them for sale by next year. Audi and Jaguar are already selling them. The company is now just one of many auto makers to promise a fully electric SUV. It may be a case of too little, too late for someone who has cried wolf one too many times. (The company describes itself as “California-based.”) Fisker said he has strategic partners but he declined to say who. He said he’s in discussions with locations in five different states. A driveable prototype will be finished by the end of 2019, he said.įisker has yet to secure a factory for the 200,000 SUVs he said he’ll build annually by 2025. It will come with variants, including one tentatively called the California Edition that sheds its walls and top to open up like a Jeep - but does so at the push of a button. Fisker said it will use an 80-kilowatt-hour lithium-ion battery pack, two electric motors and optional four-wheel drive for a range of 300 miles on one charge. The as-yet-unnamed SUV would come from a new corporate entity called Fisker Inc. We’ve already had a couple false starts.” “The electrification looks impressive,” Urquhart said, “but again, you need to deliver on these vehicles. “He’s already said he’s going to build a new sports car, now he’s turning around and saying the SUV will be first. “His past problems mean there’s a huge lack of momentum and credibility in the industry, in terms of what he can deliver on,” said Tim Urquhart, the principal automotive analyst at IHS Markit. It’s a level of proliferation that will likely hurt rather than help the case for his latest declaration of intent. The confusing list of brand names, corporate entities and car models has characterized the Dane in recent years, as he’s also designed yachts with Benetti, developed a lifestyle brand of T-shirts and posters, dabbled in motorcycles and Mustangs, and built other automobiles with ex-Boeing executives and General Motors’ Bob Lutz under the name VLF Automotive. You can buy one on Long Island for $130,000 it looks exactly like the Fisker Karma he initially sold himself. Both were variations on the Karma hybrid, and neither reached production.įollowing the bankruptcy sale to Wanxiang, a refreshed version of the Fisker Karma, now unrelated to Henrik Fisker and renamed Karma Revero, went on sale in 2016. In 2009, Fisker unveiled the Karma Sunset convertible at the auto show in Detroit in 2011 he showed the Fisker Surf hatchback in Frankfurt, Germany. That car was produced for just three years, from 2009 to 2012, to indeterminate sales. As far back as 2007, and after what by all accounts are considered brilliant years at Aston and Jaguar - designing the Aston Martin DB9 and BMW Z8, and consulting with Tesla to produce some initial designs of the Model S - Fisker styled the Artega GT two-door sports car for a German company called Artega Automobile. Indeed, tracking the array of companies and projects where Fisker and his collaborators have spent millions is dizzying. Which contains the only two syllables that are possible in the Chinese Zhao Yuanren/Yuen Ren Chao, such a cool Chinese linguist (he also translated Jabberwocky! and gave his daughter the name Lensey,.Hacking Chinese post ‘7 ways to write Mandarin tones’.All Things Linguistic post on understanding tone as a non-tone language speaker.‘Tone’ by Moira Yip, for information on prevalence of tone in the worlds languages.All Things Linguistic post on transfer features of our intonation into writing.Falling question intonation in ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi and Hawaiʻi Creole English.Gender Reveal episode on the social dynamics of pitch and other features with regard to gender.Original tumblr post on New Internet Grammar question marks from Formal definitions of tone and intonation from the Routledge handbook.Here are the links mentioned in the episode: With other language nerds! Our patrons let us keep making the mainĮpisodes free for everyone and we really appreciate every level of Join us on Patreon now to get access to this and 70+ other bonus episodes,Īs well as access to the Lingthusiasm Discord server where you can chat Languages, and how neopronouns are often made by recycling bits from a How people are doing gender-neutral and nonbinary things across related Versions of sir/ma'am and dude/bro, why linguistic gender even exists, Things related to language and gender, including: gender-neutral Host Gretchen gets enthusiastic about how languages do gender with Recorded as a liveshow on the Lingthusiasm patron Discord server, your In this month’s bonus episode, originally Metaphor – could we start calling tones “thin” and “thick” or “big” Internet creations), how tone interacts with lyrics/melody in songs,Īnd how “high” versus “low” tone is actually a culturally-specific Finally, we talk about the many, many optionsįor writing tone and intonation (from highly technical proposals to fun We also talk about things languages do with tones,įrom changing meanings of individual words to indicating grammatical List, floor-holding, emphasis, enthusiasm, and sarcasm, and howĭifferent languages use different shapes of intonation contours forįunctions like these. We talk about various meanings of intonation, such as question, Gawne get enthusiastic about tone, intonation, and the combination of In this episode, your hosts Gretchen McCulloch and Lauren (high mā) and horse (low rising mǎ) in Mandarin, linguists call it Meaning of an individual word, such as the difference between mother Meaning of the whole phrase, such as rising to indicate a question inĮnglish, linguists call it intonation. Spoken languages can change the pitch or melody of words to convey Lingthusiasm: Episode 79: Tone and Intonation? Tone and Intonation! Listen to this episode about the results of the 2022 Lingthusiasm Survey and get access to many more bonus episodes by supporting Lingthusiasm on Patreon. We also talk about synesthesia fomo, whether people respond differently to kiki/bouba depending on whether they’re aware of them as a meme, complicating the “where is a frown?” map, the plural of emoji, and more! Also about 1 in 5 people answered some version of “all of them?” to the “what languages are you interested in?” question, which was honestly unfair of us to make you pick. First, some demographics: we had respondents from over 50 countries, in which Canada and Australia are tied (phew!), and a mix of genders, in which about 1 in 5 respondents are not a binary gender (including nonbinary, agender, and genderqueer from responses to the “other” category it looks like we should add genderfluid for next year!). In this bonus episode, Lauren and Gretchen get excited about the results of the 2022 Lingthusiasm Survey. Thank you to the over 1000 people who filled it out! We have ethics approval for 3 years, so if you missed it this time around, keep an eye out in the future! In late 2022, we ran our first Lingthusiasm audience survey! We wanted to get to know you better and try out some linguistic experiments with you, so we got formal ethics approval from La Trobe University in case we want to use any of these findings in a research paper later. You can also choose from loads of free content available on the Amazon Store. Most importantly, Kindle for Mac lets you check reviews and try out books before making the purchase. As such, you can pick up from where you left on other devices. Kindle for Mac comes with built-in synchronization technologies, which automatically save your reading progress. Once you’ve purchased a few e-books, you can read them on a wide range of Apple devices. Though it’s designed for Mac devices, you can use the platform on your iPhone, iPad, and other devices running iOS. While apps like PDF Reader X for Mac are perfect for reading PDF files, Kindle for Mac targets books. Does Kindle for Mac work with multiple devices? Unfortunately, you can’t zoom in the screen, which could have been a good addition to the program. Alternatively, Kindle for Mac allows you to use the white arrow to skip pages. While reading with this app, you can simply drag pages up or down with the mouse or mouse wheel. While there isn’t any particular ‘preferences’ section to customize listings, these options suffice for a clear view of your ebooks. With this program, you can sort Kindle books by author, name, recent purchases, and other preferences. All you need to do is click the small synchronization icon to visit the Amazon Store. With this free Kindle app, you can transfer books from your Kindle device to Kindle for Mac. If you don’t have an Amazon account, you can sign up for a new one within seconds. When you launch this e-reader on your Mac device, it requests your Amazon account details. With a simple and clean interface, the tool improves your reading experience without overwhelming you with technical details or features. If you’ve always wanted to read loads of content on your Mac device, this program will be an excellent choice. While tools like Mac Kindle DRM Removal and Send to Kindle have been used for a long time, none comes close to the efficiency of Kindle for Mac. Loads of content for online learning and reading! Last but not least, Kindle for Mac provides support for collections, giving you more control over organizing your books in the Kindle library. It supports a wide range of languages, including English, French, Brazilian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian. The program automatically syncs everything to improve your reading experience. With a Kindle download, you can purchase loads of books on the internet, and have them delivered to your Mac device. Kindle for Mac is one of the most popular e-readers, which lets you read and sync the entire library with your Kindle. Safely unplug the Kindle, and the books should appear in the library.Softonic review An amazing tool for readers! Copy the books from their location on the computer, open the Kindle's storage, go to the ' Documents' folder, and paste the copied files. All current generation Kindles have a USB-C port, but some older models have a MicroUSB port. However, this option only works with PDF, AZW, or MOBI formats. Scroll down to ' Approved Personal Document E-mail List,' and click on ' Add a new approved email address.' Users can also delete an approved email address from this page.Īnother way to send books to a Kindle is by connecting the Kindle to a computer (PC or Mac) via USB and transferring the books to the Kindle's storage. Go to ' Content & Devices' and click on the ' Preferences' tab. However, Amazon allows users to approve another email address. Tap the file the read the book or document on the Kindle.Īs a security measure, only a user's email address linked to their Amazon account can send books to their Kindle. Amazon will send an email confirming that the books or documents have been archived and are now available in the user's Kindle Library. It's easy to convert non-supported formats to one that works online. Supported file formats include EPUB, PDF, RTF, Microsoft Word docs, HTML, and image file formats like JPG, GIF, PNG, and BMP. Then, attach the books and send them to the email address. Copy the email address to use it with an email client. ( 2:50) Another level up from communities are ecosystems, which are made up of groups of organisms in a specific area and the nonliving parts of their environment, like soil and water and air. If you take a bunch of living things and plop them down in one place that has a specific mix of climate and soil chemistry and topography, that's going to make up one kind of ecosystem. But if you put them down in a completely different place, they're going to work in completely different ways to form a completely different ecosystem. Ecosystem ecology specifically explores how energy and materials flow through an ecosystem, and how the physical environment impacts the stuff living there. Roger's Neighborhood, but with the people in the neighborhood eating each other sometimes. Because that's what species do when they live together, they interact. Sometimes that means predation, sometimes cooperation, and sometimes competition for resources like food, water and living space. So, a community ecologist studies how the interactions between community members and their environment affect how many of each species there are within a community. ( 2:24) When two or more populations of different species live together, we call that a community. You can think of an ecological community as Mr. ( 2:12) Like, when a bunch of members of a species are together in a certain area, and they interact pretty often, you've got a population. Population ecologists study why populations grow or shrink over time, depending on where they are. ( 2:01) And just as every organism has a hierarchy of biological systems, from molecules to organelles to cells to tissues to organs, so too does Earth have tiers of ecological order. In a way, you can think of all living things, great white sharks, pond scum, potato plants, as molecules that react with each other. Each one of us organisms is pretty piddling in the scheme of things, just like a single oxygen molecule, which we need to make ATP to fuel our bodies, but it can't get much done by itself. But if you get a million oxygen molecules together with some other types of molecules, suddenly they're unleashing a googlejillion megawatts of ATP power to animate the bag of meat that is you. This same principle applies to organisms: as you put individual organisms together, they can interact with each other and their environments, to create something larger than the sum of its parts. Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?įor the last 38 episodes of Crash Course Biology, we've talked about how to make an organism. And you know what I've learned in those 38 weeks? Putting a living thing together is hard! There are molecules that make up organelles that run cells, which come together to form tissues, which make up organs that make up systems. And knowing this stuff is incredibly important, because it shows us the ground rules for being a living thing, on this particular planet anyway. But still, there's so much more to biology than that! I mean, understanding how an organism goes about its internal business is great, but it doesn't tell us much about its place in our world. For that, we need ecology, the study of the rules of engagement for all of us Earthlings. Ecology seeks to explain why the world looks and acts the way that it does. Why the South Pole looks different from the Congo, and why there are mosquitoes all over the place while black rhinos are practically extinct. The short answer to this question is because the world is crammed with things, both animate and not, that have been interacting with each other all the time, every day, since life on this planet began. The even shorter answer is that all life and all of these things interacting with each other depend on just two things. Try to guess what they are. In the meantime, get ready, because Crash Course Biology is taking its final voyage outside the body and into the entire world! Learn what they are as Crash Course Biology takes its final voyage outside the body and into the entire world.Ĭan't wait to learn more about ecology? Good news! Crash Course Ecology has 12 episodes you can watch right here:Ĭrash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at The world is crammed with things, both animate and not, that have been interacting with each other all the time, every day, since life on this planet began, and these interactions depend mostly on just two things. Hank introduces us to ecology - the study of the rules of engagement for all of us earthlings - which seeks to explain why the world looks and acts the way it does. This game is great, but it lacks the dynamic gameplay that comes from building structures in Fortnite. There are a variety of games from the same genre, most notably Player Unknown’s Battleground. Where can you run this program?įortnite Battle Royale is available for Windows 7 or later as well as Mac OS 10.14.6 or higher. However, for all the variety of purchasable items, there is only one map for you to play on, making the game feel repetitive at times.įortnite also has tournament events which offer rewards that can are claimable after the match has finalized. The crossover events are only a portion of the collectible in-game avatars and tool skins that you can earn from a battle pass or purchase directly using V-bucks. I cant see any difference when switching between DirectX 11 and 12. Razer Cortex: GAME BOOSTER increases your FPS by micro. These events change regularly but always bring fun additions to the game. Right click AMD icon and choose 'optimize performance' Fan on full blast via Macs Fan This lets me have 100 3D resolution, epic settings for the rest (except shadows which are off). It lets me run my games perfectly, even on a PC not made at all for gaming. By default, Fortnite creates its own folder in which to. Examples of this are the in-game event where players could wield the infinity gauntlet and the Storm Trooper skin that was available in the game’s shop. Manually uninstall Fortnite on a Mac Escape the Fortnite game and quit the Epic Games Launcher app. The game often has crossover events containing famous characters from pop culture series such as Star Wars and Marvel Comics. There are a variety of weapons to use ranging from pistols and submachine guns to shotguns and assault rifles. Fortnite - Complete FPS Optimization Guide on Windows 11 tech How 72.6K subscribers Join Subscribe Share Save 13K views 1 year ago Fortnite Windows11 Tutorial For more information, follow. For Windows optimization, make sure you have the latest version of Windows installed, then turn on ultimate performance mode and game mode. This fun playstyle comes from the need you’ll have for building structures to defend yourself from bullets, climb cliffs, create a floating island, or hide from enemy players. This game mode is fun to play, and the gameplay that you receive from Fortnite is enjoyable. Allow APFS Clone / Create BootWell to a drive smaller than source drive physical size. What’s new in version 6.2.3 Updated on Support macOS Ventura (BootWell with Cryptexes update Drive Pulse and Activation UI). This will help to improve your devices performance while playing the game. Additionally, you should also free up as much hard drive space as possible by deleting any unnecessary files or programs. Fortnite Battle Royale is a competitive third-person shooter that has 100 players drop into a map and fight to survive.įortnite is a battle royal game, where every match has 100 players dropping into the map from a flying bus as they search for equipment. Clean up, speed up, and protect your Mac with Drive Genius 5. In order to optimize your device performance for playing Fortnite on Mac, you should make sure that all drivers and software are up-to-date. |
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